ELEVENTH MEETING OF THE

HERITAGE MARKHAM COMMITTEE

 

TOWN OF MARKHAM

Canada Room, Markham Civic Centre

Wednesday, November 10, 2004

 

MINUTES

 

 

Members                                                                                  Regrets

Joan Natoli, Chair                                                                     Rosemary Lamon

Julie Christian                                                               Elizabeth Plashkes

Marie Jones                                                                              Ted Chisholm, Vice-Chair

Maria Pia Andrejin                                                                   Judy Dawson-Ryan

Evelin Ellison

Susan Casella

Councillor John Webster

Regional Councillor Jim Jones

 

Staff

R. Hutcheson, Manager, Heritage Planning

G. Duncan, Heritage Planner

Yvonne Hurst – Committee Secretary

 

The Chair convened the meeting at the hour of 7:15 p.m.

 

Disclosure of Pecuniary Interest

 

The Chair asked if any members of the Committee had a disclosure of pecuniary interest.  Under ‘New Business’ (Item 25) Susan Casella and Evelin Ellison declared a disclosure of interest with respect to the Young Heritage Leaders 2004 award as they are related to the persons nominated.

 

1.            APPROVAL OF AGENDA (16.11)

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the Heritage Markham agenda and addendum agenda, dated November 10, 2004, be approved with the following items of new business:

-               Young Heritage Leaders 2004 Award - Nominations

-               Stiver House – Change in Exterior Colour

-               Seasonal Celebration – Change in Meeting Time

 

            CARRIED.

 

2.         ADOPTION OF MINUTES

TENTH HERITAGE MARKHAM MEETING
OCTOBER 13, 2004 (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

           

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the Minutes of the Heritage Markham meeting held on October 13, 2004 be received and adopted.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

3.         REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK
            BRICK CLEANING ISSUES
            WILLIAM WONCH HOUSE
            43 CASTLEVIEW CRESCENT (16.11)

            Extracts: R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning

                           G. Duncan, Heritage Planner __________________________________

 

The Heritage and Conservation Planner advised that the Site Plan Agreement for the restoration of the William Wonch house provided that the exterior brickwork was to be stripped of paint to reveal the original brickwork.  He noted that the owners have used several different methods in an attempt to clean the brick, however, a number of problems have been encountered due to the brick’s thin, fragile finish and soot damage from a previous fire.  The brick has been painted since the 1950s, according to the local accounts.

 

Ms. Ann Birch, owner, was in attendance and advised the Committee that a chemical peal and high speed water have both been used in an attempt to successfully clean the brick at 43 Castleview Crescent.  She noted these concerns:

-               it is not possible to clean the brickwork where the previous fire occurred (the smoke has penetrated the soft brick);

-               the brickwork is soft and high speed water causes damage

-               cleaning will not only cause further weakening of the brick but will leave the brickwork with a patchy look.

 

Ms. Birch suggested that painting the brick in a tone to simulate the look of the buff brick would be the best option.

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT given the delicate nature of the brick veneer and the damaged surfaces resulting from weathering, paint application, and fire, the owners of the William Wonch House at 43 Castleview Crescent be permitted to repaint the brick in a colour to simulate the underlying buff brick rather than stripping the existing paint, as required by the Site Plan Agreement;

 

AND THAT Heritage Section staff be authorized to approve the exact paint colour.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

4.         INFORMATION

CONSERVATION REVIEW BOARD HEARING – REPORT

MENNO RAYMER HOUSE
9404 HIGHWAY 48 (16.11)              

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning
                                    C. Conrad, Town Solicitor
                                    G. Duncan, Heritage Planner______________________________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham recommends to Council that the findings of the Conservation Review Board with respect to 9404 Highway 48 be accepted, and a by-law be passed to designate the property under the Ontario Heritage Act.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

 

5.         INFORMATION
            ONTARIO MUNICIPAL BOARD DECISION
            77 JOHN STREET

            THORNHILL HERITAGE CONSERVATION DISTRICT (16.11)

            Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning

                                    G. Duncan, Heritage Planner______________________________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the Ontario Municipal Board Decision with respect to 77 John Street, Thornhill Heritage Conservation District, be received as information;

 

AND THAT the trees on the subject property be preserved in accordance with the Site Plan Agreement. 

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

 

6.         COMMITTEE OF ADJUSTMENT VARIANCE APPLICATION A/159/04
            AUTHENTIC CUSTOM CYCLE AND AUTOMOTIVE LTD.

            310 MAIN STREET NORTH
            MARKHAM
VILLAGE HERITAGE CONSERVATION DISTRICT (16.11)

            Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning

                                    G. Duncan, Heritage Planner

__________________Secretary Treasurer, Committee  of Adjustment_________________

 

The Heritage and Conservation Planner noted that the Applicant  for 310 Main Street North, required a minor variance related to Site Plan Approval for the addition to the existing commercial automotive garage.  He noted that the variance is a technical matter intended to implement the site plan approved by Council, and that the proposed addition was previously reviewed by Heritage Markham.

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham has no comment on Committee of Adjustment Variance Application A/159/04 – 310 Main Street North, the subject application for Minor Variance.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

7.         HERITAGE PERMIT APPLICATION HE 04 016595

50 PETER STREET
NEW DECORATIVE WORK ON VERANDAH (16.11)
Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning

                                    G. Duncan, Heritage Planner_________________________________

 

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT, in order to lessen the impact of the new verandah woodwork on the designated heritage house at 50 Peter Street, the wood trim on the verandah is to be painted off-white and Clematis vines are to be grown on the Peter Street side to help screen the sawn balusters;

 

AND THAT provided this work is done, the new woodwork can remain in place.

 

            CARRIED.


 

 

8.         INFORMATION

OMB DECISION (TORONTO) SUPPORTING HERITAGE CONSERVATION (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

           

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the OMB Decision (Toronto) Supporting Heritage Conservation be received as information.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

9.         COMMITTEE OF ADJUSTMENT CONSENT APPLICATION B/32/04

            CREATION OF FOUR NEW LOTS

19 ROUGE STREET, MARKHAM VILLAGE

1061993 ONTARIO LTD. (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning

                                    Secretary Treasurer, Committee of Adjustment_______________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham has no comment on Committee of Adjustment Consent Application B/32/04 – Creation of four new lots – 19 Rouge Street, Markham Village.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

10.       HERITAGE PERMIT APPLICATION
            106 MAIN ST. NORTH
            PROPOSED AWNINGS (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the Heritage Permit Application – 106 Main Street North – proposed awnings – be referred to the Architectural Review Sub-Committee with authority to approve.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

11.       HERITAGE LOAN FUND APPLICATION
            6 AILEEN LEWIS COURT

MIKE BRADSHAW (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the memorandum entitled “Application for Town of Markham Heritage Fund Loan, 6 Aileen Lewis Court, Mike Bradshaw” dated November 23, 2004, be received;

 

AND THAT Heritage Markham has no objection to the application for a loan from the Town of Markham Heritage Fund in the amount of $15,000, for the following restoration work at 6 Aileen Lewis Court:

            -Reconstruction of original 19th Century Veranda

            -Restoration of the original wood shingle roof;

            -Window restoration

            -Barn Restoration

 

AND FURTHER THAT the loan be subject to the standard terms and conditions of the Markham Heritage Fund Loan program.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

12.       HERITAGE DESIGNATIONS UNDER PART IV OF THE ONTARIO HERITAGE ACT (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham recommends to Council that the following properties be designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act.

 

1. The Almira Flour And Woollen Mill, 4160 19th Avenue

            2. St. John’s Lutheran Cemetery, Buttonville

            3. Box Grove School House, 7651 9th Line

4. The William And Susan Stiver House, 884 Warden Avenue
5. Buttonville Women’s Institute Community Hall, 8931 Woodbine Ave.

6. Edwardian House, 4561 Highway 7, Unionville

 

CARRIED.


 

13.       CORRESPONDENCE PACKAGE (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the correspondence package (including the following items) be received as information.

a)      Community Heritage Ontario: CHO News, October 2004.

b)      Architectural Conservancy of Ontario: Annual Fundraising Dinner, Saturday, November 6, 2004, Arts and Letter Club

c)      Toronto Region Architectural Conservancy: Junction Walking Tour, Saturday, December 4, 2004.

d)      University of Waterloo: Heritage Planning Workshop, January to April 2005

e)      Ontario Heritage Foundation: Arctic Adventures 2005 Tour

f)         UBC Press: New Book – Journey to the Ice Age – Discovering an Ancient World, by Peter L. Storck.

g)      Ontario Historical Society: New Book – Thoreau MacDonald’s Sketches of Rural Ontario, by George W. J. Duncan

h)      Ontario Heritage Foundation: Heritage Matters Newsletter Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2004

i)        The Country Connection (a new magazine), Autumn, 2004.

j)        The Toronto Star: Police Probing Vaughan Fire, November 2, 2004

 

 

14.       BUDGET
            HERITAGE MARKHAM COMMITTEE BUDGET 2005 (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham endorses the proposed budget for 2005, amended as follows:

Public Education and Special Events                             $7975.00

General Expenses                                                         $  858.00

Technical Workshops/Training                          $  600.00

TOTAL                                                                        $9433.00

 

AND THAT Heritage Markham recommends that the draft budget proposed for 2005 be forwarded to the Development Services Commission for consideration by Council. 

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

15.       REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK
BUTTONVILLE HERITAGE CONSERVATION DISTRICT STUDY AND   PLAN REVIEW (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

 

            The Manager of Heritage Planning noted that a Buttonville Heritage Conservation District Study was completed in 1988.  Since the Study can be updated rather than completed from scratch, the budgeted costs are reflective of this.  It was suggested that there is a need to include guidelines for areas that may be identified for intensified development.

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham appoint Susan Casella and Maria Pia Andrejin to serve on the Buttonville Heritage Conservation District Advisory Committee.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

16.       REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK
            PROPOSED ALTERATIONS TO A DESIGNATED BUILDING
            RED COTTAGE - 14 COLBORNE STREET, THORNHILL (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

 

The Heritage and Conservation Planner, noted that 14 Colborne Street, Thornhill has been recently purchased by Ms. Liz Hudson.  The proposed removal of the rooftop air conditioning unit from the one storey kitchen wing on the west side of the house is recommended as an acceptable change that will improve the building.  It was pointed out that the weight of the air conditioner is damaging the roof.  The owner has also indicated that a Heritage Permit application is to be submitted for the replacement of the existing wood shingle roof with a black asphalt shingle roof. 

 

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham supports the conceptual plans for the relocation of the air conditioning unit from the roof of the kitchen wing of 14 Colborne Street to the ground at the rear of the house, and the alterations to the roof of the kitchen wing to conceal the ductwork, subject to:

-         the siding of the kitchen wing is to remain wood board and batten, to match the existing siding;

-         the applicant applying for a building permit for the proposed work;

-         Heritage Section staff are authorized to sign off on the building permit application provided the plans are the same as those currently before Heritage Markham;

-         that the applicant ensure that none of the historic windows on the second floor are blocked;

 

AND THAT Heritage Markham recommends the retention of a wood shingle roof on Red Cottage, and suggests that the roof be repaired rather than replaced, if possible;

 

AND FURTHER THAT the applicant be requested to consult with Town (Heritage Section) staff to determine the most appropriate way of installing the wood shingles when re-shingling the roof.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

17.       REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK
            REVISED MODEL HOMES DESIGNS – CALIBER HOMES

            49 MAIN STREET SOUTH
            MARKHAM
VILLAGE HERITAGE CONSERVATION DISTRICT (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

 

The Heritage and Conservation Planner indicated that most of the proposed new homes near 49 Main Street South are not visible from Main Street.  He noted that Caliber Homes now own this site and are currently restoring and renovating 49 Main Street to serve as the sales pavilion.  Town (Heritage Section) staff have worked diligently with Caliber Homes who did not have prior expertise in developing within a heritage area to develop appropriate house designs.  Revised drawings were provided to the committee for review with enhanced rear elevations  that would be visible from Main Street South. 

 

It was also pointed out that temporary plexi-glass windows have been installed in the heritage home and at some time in the future the owner may pursue a proposal to move the house back from Main Street South.

 

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham generally has no objection to the proposed model home designs by Caliber Homes (49 Main Street South, Markham Village) subject to:

o       greater window pane consistency on specific elevations;

o       the removal of the extensive decorative brick treatments around a number of the rear elevation windows, as well as the use of a traditional window size and pane division for the rear elevations that will be visible from Main Street South;

o       approval of the elevations be delegated to Town (Heritage Section) staff on behalf of Heritage Markham.

 

AND THAT Town (Heritage Section) staff be authorized to work with the applicant to fine-tune any remaining design issues.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

18.       REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK
COMMUNITY HERITAGE ONTARIO: REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK ON RESEARCH NEEDS (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning_________________

           

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:


THAT Heritage Markham provide the following suggested topics to Community Heritage Ontario for consideration:

o       research the economic impacts of placing a heritage easement on a property;

o       research and creation of a source book for information on goods and services required with respect to heritage restoration and infill construction in a heritage area;

o       research the impacts of modern retailing methods (e.g. big box stores) on heritage commercial areas and its affects on the “small town” quality of life;

o       research the physical state of heritage cemeteries and what should be done to preserve the aging grave markers.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

19.       SITE PLAN APPROVAL APPLICATION SC 04 027170

            PROPOSED NEW HOUSE – 276 MAIN STREET, UNIONVILLE

            RUSS GREGORY, APPLICANT (16.11)

            Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning                            

 

The Heritage and Conservation Planner provided an overview of his memo dated November 10, 2004 regarding the Site Plan Application for 276 Main Street, Unionville.  He noted that a number of minor design issues have been identified by staff, however, the overall design is in general compliance with the Unionville Heritage Conservation District guidelines. 

 

The committee expressed some concerns with respect to the size of the proposed house and the view of the house from the laneway that might be a long brick wall with no interest.  It was pointed out that the building footprint is staggered to break up the massing of the home.  The garage is a substantial distance back from the street.  Further, landscaping will be addressed to improve the elevation that faces Toogood Pond.  The committee concurred that the mature vegetation on the lot should be preserved.

 

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham supports the general concept for a new house at 276 Main Street, Unionville, subject to the implementation of the architectural suggestions of Town (Heritage Section) staff;

 

AND THAT mature landscaping be required for the north elevation at 276 Main Street, Unionville;

 

AND THAT final approval of the plans be delegated to Heritage Section staff provided that the suggested design revisions have been made to the satisfaction of Town (Heritage Section) staff;

 

AND FURTHER THAT the usual heritage conditions for new construction in the Unionville Heritage Conservation District be included in the Site Plan Agreement.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

20.       PROPOSED ADDITION TO AN EXISTING HOUSE

            270 MAIN STREET, UNIONVILLE

            RUSS GREGORY, DESIGNER (16.11)

            Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning                 ______

 

The Heritage and Conservation Planner reviewed his memo dated November 10, 2004 regarding the proposed addition to 270 Main Street, Unionville.  He noted that the frame house is set well back from the street and is screened by a number of mature spruce trees.  The proposal is to convert an existing two-car garage into living space and build a new garage in front of the old one.  The doors of the proposed new garage would be on the side and would not face the street. 

 

Town (Heritage Section) staff have recommended, that should the concept that is being proposed be supported by Heritage Markham, then a Heritage Easement should be required to protect the spruce trees in the front yard.  It was noted that the siting of this home and its landscaping are unique and the application could be supported if a Heritage Easement is imposed as a condition of Site Plan Approval.

 

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

           

THAT Heritage Markham supports, in principle, the design concept for the proposed addition to 270 Main Street, Unionville;

 

AND THAT, if a formal application is made, as a condition of Site Plan Approval, a Heritage Easement be created to protect the mature spruce trees in the front yard.

 

            CARRIED.

 

 

21.       PROPOSED LANDSCAPE PLAN SURROUNDING HERITAGE HOUSE

            SITE PLAN APPLICATION SC 04 008572

            HIPA INVESTMENTS - 9899 HIGHWAY 48 (16.11)

            Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning                            

 

The Heritage and Conservation Planner reviewed the memo, dated November 10, 2004, regarding the proposed landscape plan surrounding the heritage house at 9899 Highway 48.  It was noted that the applicant has revised the plans with respect to the comments provided by Heritage Markham at its meeting held September 14, 2004. 

 

The Committee noted its concerns with respect to the existing signage on the heritage building (too many signs and not in conformance with the heritage guidelines). 

 

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham refer the approval of the landscape plan to Town (Heritage Section) staff in conjunction with Urban Design staff, with authority to approve;

 

AND THAT the applicants be required to implement a restoration plan for the Read House, with the elements of the restoration plan to be developed by Town (Heritage Section) staff, to include such details as the restoration of the wooden multi-paned windows, the wooden front door and wooden soffits and fascias;

 

AND THAT the applicant be requested to reduce the existing signage to a single sign that conforms to the heritage guidelines (Heritage Markham encourages the use of an externally lit ground sign);

 

AND FURTHER THAT the applicants are to provide an interpretive plaque for the heritage building meeting the standards of the “Markham Remembered” program.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

22.       BARN DEMOLITION 04 026521 000 00 ND

6780 FOURTEENTH AVENUE – BOX GROVE HAMLET

TANYA ROMAN (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning                            

 

The Heritage and Conservation Planner reviewed the memo dated November 10, 2004 outlining the demolition of the barn at 6780 Fourteenth Avenue.  It was noted that the barn has been documented, however, due to the dangerous condition of the building there is no recommendation for relocation and/or salvage. 

 

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham receive the staff memorandum concerning the barn demolition at 6780 Fourteenth Avenue as information.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

23.       A. J. CASSON PAINTING OF 147 MAIN STREET, UNIONVILLE (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning
                        Director, Varley Art Gallery                  __________________________

 

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the staff memorandum regarding the A. J. Casson painting of 147 Main Street, Unionville, be received as information;

 

AND THAT the Town of Markham be encouraged to support any efforts to obtain the painting as it is part of Markham’s cultural heritage.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

24.       APPLICATION FOR OFFICIAL PLAN AMENDMENT AND ZONING AMENDMENT

FILES OP 03 119016 AND ZA 03 119029

HERITAGE DWELLING – 2960 16TH AVENUE – DANIEL QUANTZ HOUSE (16.11)

Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning                            

 

The Manager of Heritage Planning reviewed the memo, dated November 10, 2004, regarding the Official Plan Amendment and Zoning Amendment for 2960 16th Avenue.  The proposal would permit the development of the site for a major food store, retail and automotive retail uses.  In 1988 Heritage Markham recommended that the heritage building on this site be retained and incorporated into any proposed development.  He noted that the Town has not yet received a conceptual plan or site plan application illustrating the proposed development of the property. 

 

            HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT Heritage Markham recommends that the heritage building at 2960 16th Avenue (Daniel Quantz House) be retained on site and incorporated into the proposed redevelopment of the property and the proposed amendment to the Secondary Plan for this area is to indicate that the area should be developed in accordance with the policies of Section 5.7 of the Woodbine North Planning District Secondary Plan;

 

AND THAT Town (Heritage Section) staff undertake the necessary research required to initiate the designation process for the subject property.

 

CARRIED.

 

Susan Casella and Evelin Ellison, having declared a disclosure of interest with respect to Item #25, did not participate in the voting with respect to this item. 

 

25.       NOMINATIONS

YOUNG HERITAGE LEADERS 2004: NOMINATION FORM

ONTARIO HERITAGE FOUNDATION (16.11)
Extracts:           R. Hutcheson, Manager, Heritage Planning____________________

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:


THAT Heritage Markham submit the following names to Council as nominees for the Young Heritage Leaders 2004 award:

Daniel Casella

Adrian Ellison.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

26.       STIVER HOUSE

CHANGE IN EXTERIOR COLOUR

REQUEST FOR HERITAGE PERMIT SUBMISSION

206 MAIN STREET, UNIONVILLE (16.11)

Extract:  R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning                          

 

HERITAGE MARKHAM RECOMMENDS:

 

THAT the owners of Stiver House be requested to submit a Heritage Permit Application with respect to the change in exterior colour on this heritage building;

 

AND THAT the owners be reminded that a Heritage Permit is required with respect to any exterior alterations on the structure.

 

CARRIED.

 

 

27.       SEASONAL CELEBRATION

CHANGE IN MEETING TIME FOR THE DECEMBER MEETING

Extract:             R. Hutcheson, Manager of Heritage Planning                            

 

The Committee concurred that the December meeting should commence at 6:30 p.m. to accommodate the holding of the annual seasonal celebration for committee members at the home of the Chair and that the appropriate public notice be given.  It was further noted that spouses are invited and that Town (Heritage Section) staff will endeavor to streamline the agenda wherever possible.

 

 

The meeting adjourned at 9:55 p.m.